List of battles by death toll

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The following is a list of the death toll of battles in world history. The list includes both sieges (not technically battles but usually yielding similar combat-related deaths) and civilian casualties during the battles.

Large battle casualty counts are almost impossible to calculate precisely. Many of these figures are estimates. Figures display numbers of all types of casualties when available (killed, wounded, missing, disease, captured/POW, etc.) but may only include number killed. This list does not include most bombing runs or missile strikes (such as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), which despite potentially massive casualties are not typically classified as "battles," since they are usually one-sided engagements. Tactical or strategic strikes, however, may form part of larger engagements which are themselves battles.

Contents

Classical formation battles

These refer to battles in which armies met on a single field of battle and fought, generally for one to several days. With more advanced weapons, military formations lost their impact and this type of battle died out in favor of grander military operations. Many of these battles are ancient, and in many cases, the few historical records differ, sometimes wildly, on casualties. For this reason, the range of modern estimates is preferred here.

Battle Conflict Casualties Year
Battle of Salsu Goguryeo-Sui Wars 0,097,000 ~302,300 casualties (mostly from drowning)[1] #0612
Battle of Cannae Punic Wars (Second Punic War) 0,092,000 92,000+ casualties[2] !9783 216 BC
Battle of Arausio Germanic Wars (Cimbrian War) 0,080,000 84,000+ killed[3][4][5] !9894 105 BC
Battle of Plataea Greco-Persian Wars 0,037,000 77,000 killed[6] to 257,000 killed[7] !9520 479 BC
Battle of Anchialus Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars 0,037,000 ~80,000 killed[8] !9520 917
Battle of Wagram Napoleonic Wars 0,079,000 79,000 casualties[9] #1809
Battle of Waterloo Napoleonic Wars 0,047,000 47,000+ casualties[10] #1815
Battle of Thermopylae Greco-Persian Wars 0,022,300 22,300 casualties[7] !9519 480 BC
Battle of Towton Wars of the Roses 0,026,193 28,000[11] #1461
Battle of Antietam American Civil War 0,026,193 26,193[12] #1862
Battle of Fredericksburg American Civil War 0,017,962 17,962[13] #1862

Sieges and urban combat

This list includes sieges, as well as modern battles that were fought primarily in urban areas. Such battles were often very bloody, resulting in high loss of life. Battles that involved sieges or attacks on cities as secondary to the main operation are listed under "operations".

This list is sortable. Click the box next to a column heading to sort by that criterion.

Siege Conflict Casualties Year
Battle of Baghdad Mongol invasions 0,200,000 ~200,000 to 1,000,000[14] #1258
Siege of Tenochtitlan Spanish Conquest of Mexico 0,100,000 ~100,000 to 240,000[15][16] #1521
Siege of Malta Ottoman wars in Europe 0,040,000 40,000[17] #1565
Sack of Magdeburg Thirty Years' War 0,025,000 25,000+[18] #1630
Battle of Stalingrad World War II 1,798,619 1,798,619[19] #1942-43
Siege of Leningrad World War II 1,117,000 1,117,000[20] #1941-44
Warsaw Uprising World War II 0,200,000 200,000+ killed[21] #1944
Battle of Berlin World War II 1,298,745 1,298,745[22][23] #1945
This list is ; you can help by .

Major operations

This list includes major operations, i.e. prolonged battles or offensive operations fought over a large area.


Operation Conflict Casualties Year
Battle of Leipzig Napoleonic Wars 0,122,000 122,000 Casualties[24] #1813
Battle of Shiloh American Civil War 0,020,000 20,000+ Casualties[25] #1862
Peninsula Campaign American Civil War 0,036,463 36,463[26] #1862
Battle of Chancellorsville American Civil War 0,030,000 ~30,000[27] #1863
Battle of Gettysburg American Civil War 0,051,000 ~51,000[28] #1863
Battle of Chickamauga American Civil War 0,034,000 ~34,000 Casualties[29] #1863
Overland Campaign American Civil War 0,087,000 87,000[30] #1864
Battle of Tannenberg World War I 0,145,000 145,000 killed, wounded, and captured[31] #1914
First Battle of the Marne World War I 0,513,000 513,000[32] #1914
Battle of Łódź World War I 0,130,000 130,000[33] #1914
Second Battle of Ypres World War I 0,104,208 104,208[34] #1915
Battle of Gallipoli World War I 0,503,000 503,000[34] #1915
Second Battle of Artois World War I 0,186,000 186,000[34] #1915
Second Battle of Champagne/Third Battle of Artois World War I 0,440,000 440,000[34] #1915
Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive World War I 0,300,000 300,000[34] #1915
Battle of Verdun World War I 0,976,000 976,000[34] #1916
Battle of Asiago World War I 0,250,000 250,000[34] #1916
Brusilov Offensive World War I 1,600,000 1,600,000[34] #1916
Battle of the Somme World War I 1,215,000 1,215,000[34] #1916
Romanian Campaign World War I 0,240,000 240,000[34] #1916
Battle of Messines World War I 0,042,000 42,000[35] #1917
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo World War I 0,200,000 200,000[36] #1917
Third Battle of Ypres World War I 0,585,000 Over 585,000[37] #1917
Operation Michael World War I 1,046,000 1,046,000+[38] #1918
Battle of Khalkhin Gol Soviet-Japanese Border Wars 0,026,680 26,660[39] #1939
Invasion of Poland World War II 0,100,000 At least 100,000[40] #1939
Winter War World War II 0,225,000 225,000 dead[41] #1939-40
Operation Weserübung World War II 0,010,000 10,000 dead[42] #1940
Invasion of France and the Low Countries World War II 0,202,750 202,740 dead[43] #1940
Greco-Italian War World War II 0,100,000 100,000[44] #1940-41
Western Desert Campaign World War II 0,080,039 80,039[45] #1941
Battle of Greece World War II 0,046,295 46,295[46] #1941
Battle of Crete World War II 0,016,007 16,007[47] #1941
Operation Barbarossa World War II 5,000,000 About 5,000,000, all causes[48] #1941
Battle of Moscow World War II 0,900,000 900,000[49] #1941
Battle of Bataan/Battle of Corregidor World War II 0,030,000 30,000, not including Allied prisoners[50] #1942
Second Battle of Kharkov World War II 0,300,000 300,000[51] #1942
Battle of the Kerch Peninsula World War II 0,176,000 Over 176,000[51] #1942
Battle of Malaya/Battle of Singapore World War II 0,143,800 143,800, and 60,000 prisoners[52] #1942
Second Battle of El Alamein World War II 0,082,500 Up to 82,500[53] #1942
Operation Iskra World War II 0,129,332 129,332[54] #1943
Guadalcanal Campaign World War II 0,029,100 29,100[55] #1942-43
Battle of Kursk World War II 0,257,125 Up to 257,125[56] #1943
Allied invasion of Sicily World War II 0,036,000 At least 36,000, and over 100,000 Italian POWs[57] #1943
Allied invasion of Italy World War II 0,017,092 17,092[58] #1943
Bougainville Campaign World War II 0,021,929 21,929, and 23,571 Japanese prisoners[59] #1943-45
Operation Shingle World War II 0,052,200 52,200[60] #1944
Normandy Landings World War II 0,015,000 14,000 - 19,000[61] #1944
Operation Bagration World War II 1,430,000 Up to 1,430,000[62] #1944
Battle of Saipan World War II 0,043,500 43,500, including mass suicides[63] #1944
Operation Market Garden World War II 0,027,200 27,200[64] #1944
Battle of Hürtgen Forest World War II 0,063,000 63,000[65] #1944-45
Battle of Leyte Gulf World War II 0,012,000 12,000[66] #1944
Battle of the Bulge World War II 0,186,369 186,369[67] #1944-45
Battle of Luzon World War II 0,340,330 332,330-345,330, including sick[68] #1945
Battle of Iwo Jima World War II 0,044,821 44,821[69] #1945
Battle of Okinawa World War II 0,113,920 Over 113,920[70] #1945
Liaoshen Campaign Chinese Civil War 0,542,000 542,000 army causalities, killed, wounded or captured[71] #1948
Huaihai Campaign Chinese Civil War 0,689,000 689,000 army causalities, killed, wounded or captured[72] #1948
Pingjin Campaign Chinese Civil War 0,560,000 560,000 army causalities, killed, wounded or captured[73] #1949
This list is ; you can help by .

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Book of Sui, Vol. 60.
  2. ^ Leonard Cottrell (1965). Enemy of Rome. Evans Bros. ISBN 0-237-44320-1.
  3. ^ Valerius Antias (1st century BC). Manubiae.
  4. ^ Albert A. Howard (1906). "Valerius Antias and Livy", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 17, p. 161-182.
  5. ^ Canon Rawlinson (1877). "On the Ethnography of the Cimbri", The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 6, p. 150-158.
  6. ^ Ctesias (4th century BC). Persica.
  7. ^ a b Herodotus (440 BC). Histories.
  8. ^ Халенбаков, О. Детска енциклопедия България: Златния век.
  9. ^ Castle, I. Aspern/Wagram (1809), Osprey (1990)
  10. ^ Barbero, pp 419-420 Barbero, Alessandro (2005). The Battle: A New History of Waterloo. Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-84354-310-9
  11. ^ The Military Campaigns of the Wars of the Roses Philip A. Haigh (Chap. 8)
  12. ^ Brewer, p. 36
  13. ^ Brewer, p. 38
  14. ^ Ian Frazier, Annals of history: Invaders: Destroying Baghdad, The New Yorker 25 April 2005. p.4
  15. ^ Mann, p. 143
  16. ^ Hassig
  17. ^ Arnold Cassola, The 1565 Ottoman Malta Campaign Register, (Publishers Enterprise Group: Malta, 1998), p. 111.
  18. ^ Firoozi, Edith, and Ira N. Klein. Universal History of the World: The Age of Great Kings. Vol. 9. New York: Golden Press, 1966. pp. 738-739.
  19. ^ Wager, p. 528
  20. ^ Сведения городской комиссии по установлению и расследованию злодеяний немецко-фашистских захватчиков и их сообщников о числе погибшего в Ленинграде населения ЦГА СПб, Ф.8357. Оп.6. Д. 1108 Л. 46-47. (A report of city commission of investigation of German-Fascist occupants' crimes about a losses of Leningrad population. Central State Archive, Saint-Petersburg, F.8357. V.6, f. 1108, p.46-47), civilian losses only. Glantz, David (2001), The Siege of Leningrad 1941–44: 900 Days of Terror, Zenith Press, Osceola, WI, ISBN 0-7603-0941-8. p. 220. Soviet military only.
  21. ^ World War 2: Warsaw Uprising :: FAQ
  22. ^ Glantz, p. 271
  23. ^ Krivosheev, pp. 219–220
  24. ^ Chandler, p. 1020.
  25. ^ Brewer, p. 28.
  26. ^ Brewer, p. 33
  27. ^ Brewer, p. 42
  28. ^ Brewer, p. 46
  29. ^ Brewer, p. 48
  30. ^ Brewer, p. 53
  31. ^ Brewer, p. 99
  32. ^ Brewer, p. 100.
  33. ^ Brewer, p. 110.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Brewer, p. 142.
  35. ^ Brewer, p. 150
  36. ^ Brewer, p. 151
  37. ^ Brewer, p. 152
  38. ^ Brewer, p. 159
  39. ^ Wagner, p. 419
  40. ^ Wagner, p. 423
  41. ^ Wagner, p. 437
  42. ^ Wagner, p. 439
  43. ^ Wagner, p. 443
  44. ^ Wagner, p. 462
  45. ^ Wagner, p. 469
  46. ^ Wagner, p. 474
  47. ^ Wagner, p. 479
  48. ^ Wagner, p. 480
  49. ^ G. I. Krivosheev. Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses. Greenhill 1997 ISBN 1-85367-280-7
  50. ^ Wagner, p. 499
  51. ^ a b Erickson, p. 90
  52. ^ Wagner, p. 502
  53. ^ Wagner, p. 531
  54. ^ Erickson, p. 138
  55. ^ Wagner, p. 522
  56. ^ Wagner, p. 547
  57. ^ Wagner, p. 550
  58. ^ Wagner, p. 555
  59. ^ Wagner, p. 560
  60. ^ Wagner, p. 567
  61. ^ Wagner, p. 580
  62. ^ Brewer, p. 306
  63. ^ Wagner, p. 587
  64. ^ Wagner, p. 592
  65. ^ Wagner, p. 594
  66. ^ Wagner, p. 596
  67. ^ Wagner, p. 600
  68. ^ Wagner, p. 606
  69. ^ Wagner, p. 608
  70. ^ Wagner, p. 612
  71. ^ 辽沈战役
  72. ^ 粟裕與淮海戰役, p.5
  73. ^ 改寫平津歷史？？平津戰役

References

  • Brewer, Paul (2007). The Chronicle of War: A Year-by-Year Account of Conflict from 1854 to the Present Day. London: Carlton Books. ISBN 1741813425. 
  • Erickson, John (2001). Hiter verses Stalin: The Second World War on the Eastern Front in Photographs. London: Carlton Books. ISBN 1842222600. 
  • Glantz, David M. (1998). When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0700608990. 
  • Hassig, Ross (1994). Mexico and the Spanish Conquest. New York: Longman. 
  • Krivosheev, G. F. (1997). Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century. Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-280-7. 
  • Mann, Charles (2005). 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. New York: Vintage Books. 
  • Wagner, Margaret, et al (2007). The Library of Congress World War II Companion. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0743252195. 
  • 《雪白血红》 張正隆 解放軍出版社 1989年8月 ISBN 7-01-000381-5/ISBN 7-01-000413-7
  • 辽沈战役
  • 粟裕與淮海戰役
  • 改寫平津歷史？？平津戰役
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